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CKA study material: Workloads

96 questions of the 1000 in the CKA — Certified Kubernetes Administrator quiz. Each opens with its answer, the reasoning and where that is written down.

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The questions

1. 126. Which object does a Deployment manage directly?
2. 127. A Deployment is scaled from three replicas to five. How many new revisions does this create?
3. 128. Which two statements about Deployment revisions are correct? Choose two.
4. 129. What are the default values of maxUnavailable and maxSurge for a Deployment's rolling update? Choose two.
5. 130. An administrator sets both maxUnavailable and maxSurge to 0. What happens?
6. 131. During a rolling update, why can the total Pod count briefly exceed the Deployment's replicas?
7. 132. A Deployment is updated again while a rollout is still in progress. What does the controller do?
8. 133. Which field decides how long the controller waits before reporting that a rollout has stalled?
9. 134. A rollout has exceeded its progress deadline. Which condition does the Deployment carry?
10. 135. An operator wants to make three edits to a Deployment's Pod template but trigger only one rollout. What should they do?
11. 136. Which needs does a StatefulSet meet that a Deployment does not? Choose two.
12. 137. A StatefulSet is scaled from five replicas to two. What happens to the two removed Pods' volumes?
13. 138. Which StatefulSet field gives each Pod its own PersistentVolumeClaim?
14. 139. A StatefulSet named web has three replicas. What are its Pods called?
15. 140. What kind of Service does a StatefulSet use to control its Pods' DNS domain?
16. 141. Which ordering guarantees does a StatefulSet give by default? Choose two.
17. 142. Which setting makes a StatefulSet start and stop its Pods together while keeping their identities?
18. 143. A StatefulSet's Pod template is changed but no Pods are replaced. Which updateStrategy explains this?
19. 144. A StatefulSet with RollingUpdate sets partition to 3. Which Pods are updated?
20. 145. Which two settings make up a StatefulSet's persistentVolumeClaimRetentionPolicy? Choose two.
21. 146. A StatefulSet Pod is replaced after its node fails. What happens to its PersistentVolumeClaim?
22. 147. How does the DaemonSet controller ensure a Pod lands on its intended node?
23. 148. Which tolerations does the DaemonSet controller add to its Pods automatically? Choose two.
24. 149. A node's labels are changed so it no longer matches a DaemonSet's selector. What does the controller do?
25. 150. A DaemonSet is deleted with --cascade=orphan. Which two things happen? Choose two.
26. 151. A Job sets neither completions nor parallelism. What does it run?
27. 152. How is a work-queue Job configured?
28. 153. An operator wants to pause a running Job without deleting it. What should they do?
29. 154. A fixed-completion Job needs two more successes but parallelism is set to ten. How many Pods run?
30. 155. What is the default value of a Job's backoffLimit?
31. 156. How does the Job controller space out retries after repeated Pod failures?
32. 157. A Job sets backoffLimit 5 and activeDeadlineSeconds 100. Three retries have happened when 100 seconds elapse. What occurs?
33. 158. A Job has failed through its backoffLimit. What brings it back?
34. 159. Which two behaviours does a CronJob's concurrencyPolicy of Forbid produce? Choose two.
35. 160. Which concurrencyPolicy kills a still-running Job when the next run is due?
36. 161. What are the default history limits for a CronJob? Choose two.
37. 162. What is a liveness probe for?
38. 163. Which two probe fields control its timing? Choose two.
39. 426. Why must batch work run as a Job rather than a Deployment?
40. 427. A sidecar container keeps restarting even though the Pod's restartPolicy is OnFailure. Why?
41. 434. How do init containers behave? Choose two.
42. 626. An application cannot tolerate two versions running at once, even briefly. Which Deployment strategy type meets that requirement?
43. 627. A Deployment has 10 replicas and leaves maxUnavailable at its default. How many Pods may be unavailable during a rolling update?
44. 628. A Deployment has 10 replicas and leaves maxSurge at its default. How many Pods above the desired count may exist during a rolling update?
45. 629. An engineer sets both maxUnavailable and maxSurge to 0 on a RollingUpdate Deployment. What is wrong with that?
46. 630. A Deployment's rollout stalls, and after ten minutes its Progressing condition turns False. What reason does the condition carry, and what does the controller do next?
47. 631. A Deployment sets minReadySeconds to 900 and progressDeadlineSeconds to 600. What is wrong?
48. 632. A team wants a new Pod to be considered available only after it has stayed ready for thirty seconds without a container crashing. Which field expresses that?
49. 633. How many old ReplicaSets does a Deployment retain by default, and what does keeping them enable?
50. 634. An operator finds eighteen ReplicaSets for a Deployment whose revisionHistoryLimit is 10. What explains the excess?
51. 635. A Deployment has spec.paused set to true. Which statement is correct?
52. 636. A Deployment uses the Recreate strategy. An operator deletes one of its Pods by hand. What happens?
53. 637. Two Deployments in a namespace were written with the same label selector. What is the documented consequence?
54. 638. A StatefulSet named db has replicas scaled from 3 to 1. Which two statements describe what happens? Choose two.
55. 639. A StatefulSet is scaled from 1 to 3, but only web-0 and web-1 ever appear. web-1 is Running but never becomes Ready. Why is web-2 missing?
56. 640. A StatefulSet's Pods have no resolvable DNS names. Which omission would cause that?
57. 641. A StatefulSet with three replicas and a volumeClaimTemplate is deleted, with no retention policy configured. What happens to its PersistentVolumeClaims?
58. 642. You need a StatefulSet's Pods to shut down in an orderly, graceful sequence. What is the documented way to achieve that?
59. 643. A StatefulSet with 5 replicas has updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition set to 3 when its template changes. Which Pods are updated?
60. 644. A StatefulSet has updateStrategy.type set to OnDelete and its Pod template is changed. What happens?
61. 645. A StatefulSet should keep its volumes when scaled down but discard them when the whole set is deleted. Which two settings express that? Choose two.
62. 646. How does a DaemonSet Pod come to be running on a particular node?
63. 647. A DaemonSet's Pods fail to schedule on nodes that are already full. Which change makes them able to displace other work?
64. 648. A node becomes unreachable and its ordinary Pods are eventually evicted, yet its DaemonSet Pods stay put. Why?
65. 649. Which DaemonSet Pods get an automatic toleration for the node.kubernetes.io/network-unavailable taint?
66. 650. A Job with default settings has a Pod that keeps failing. How many failures are tolerated before the Job is marked failed?
67. 651. A batch job splits a fixed dataset into numbered shards, and each Pod must know which shard it owns. Which Job setting supports that?
68. 652. A Job pulls items from an external queue until the queue is empty, and there is no fixed number of items. How should it be configured?
69. 653. A Job sets completions to 10 and parallelism to 50, but never more than a handful of Pods run at once near the end. Why?
70. 654. Which Job field asks Kubernetes to clean up the Job and its Pods a fixed time after it finishes?
71. 655. A Job sets parallelism 1, completions 1 and restartPolicy Never. What must its program still tolerate?
72. 656. A CronJob's run occasionally overruns its schedule, and the new run must cancel the old one. Which concurrencyPolicy does that?
73. 657. A CronJob with no startingDeadlineSeconds misses its 02:00 run because the controller was down until 05:00. What happens when the controller returns?
74. 658. A CronJob is left with default history settings. Which two statements are correct? Choose two.
75. 659. A CronJob scheduled for 0 3 * * * fires at an unexpected wall-clock time after the control plane is moved to different hosts. What is the likely cause?
76. 660. A container has a startup probe as well as liveness and readiness probes. When do the liveness and readiness probes first run?
77. 661. A container's readiness probe begins failing. Which two things happen? Choose two.
78. 662. A probe is written with no timing fields set. How long may each check take before it is treated as a failure?
79. 663. An engineer wants a container to be considered healthy only after two consecutive successful checks. On which probe type can successThreshold be set above 1?
80. 778. Which two Pod spec fields shape the DNS name a Pod is given under a headless Service? Choose two.
81. 818. A Pod uses an emptyDir volume. Which two events preserve its contents? Choose two.
82. 869. kubectl describe shows Ready: True for a container that is plainly not serving traffic correctly. What does that column actually mean here?
83. 888. A Pod shows the status Init:1/3. What does that mean?
84. 889. Which two Pod statuses indicate that all init containers have finished? Choose two.
85. 890. A StatefulSet Pod has sat in Terminating for hours after its node failed. What does the documentation direct you to?
86. 898. Which workload object suits a node-level logging agent, and why?
87. 922. kubectl rollout undo deployment/api is run with no other flags. Which revision does it restore?
88. 923. A pipeline runs kubectl rollout status to gate on one particular deployment. A colleague triggers another rollout meanwhile. What happens without extra flags?
89. 977. How is every container of a DaemonSet updated to one image in a single kubectl set image command?
90. 979. A Pod is deleted with default settings. What signal does its main process receive first, and how long before SIGKILL?
91. 980. A container has a preStop hook that takes 45 seconds and terminationGracePeriodSeconds left at its default. What happens?
92. 981. A preStop hook is still running as the termination grace period ends. What does the kubelet do?
93. 982. Which two flags together force-delete a Pod from the API server? Choose two.
94. 983. Why is force-deleting a StatefulSet Pod treated as dangerous?
95. 985. A Pod has two sidecar containers and one main container. Which two statements describe shutdown? Choose two.
96. 986. An application requires its cache container to stop before its API container. What does Kubernetes offer?